Gustar Rules in Spanish Inconsistently Applied

Gustar Rules in Spanish Inconsistently Applied Not all the rules of Spanish are straightforward or logical, and when it comes to the use of number-verb agreement with gustar, the rules arent always followed. More generally, the rules of number agreement are applied inconsistently when more than one subject follows the main verb of a sentence. Logic Applies Both Ways For a simple example of a sentence where this issue comes up, look at this sentence with two singular subjects: Me gusta la hamburguesa y el queso. (I like hamburger and cheese.) Or should it be this?: Me gustan la hamburguesa y el queso. You could defend either choice in a sentence like that. Using gustan would certainly seem logical, and it is indeed said that way sometimes. But it is far more common to use the singular, gusta. Its kind of like shortening me gusta la hamburguesa y me gusta el queso by leaving out the second me gusta, just as in English we might shorten the happy children and happy adults to the happy children and adults. Why say me gusta twice if once gets the message across? The Academy Explains According to the Royal Spanish Academy, the singular verb should be used in a sentence like this when the two things youre talking about are uncountable or abstract and they follow the verb (as is usually the case with gustar). Heres an example the Academy gives: Me gusta el mambo y el merengue. Note how the two subjects are uncountable (they are both types of music or dance). Here are some other sentences that follow this pattern: Es una red social de gente que le gusta el deporte y el ejercicio. (Its a social network of people who like sports and exercise.)Me encanta el manga y el anime. (I love manga and anime.)Me gusta la mà ºsica y bailar. (I like music and dancing.)Al presidente le falta el coraje y la voluntad polà ­tica para resolver los problemas de nuestro paà ­s. (The president lacks the courage and political will to resolve the problems of our country.)Si te gusta el cine y la tele, querrs pasar tiempo en California. (If you like movies and TV, you will want to spend time in California.) But the Academy would pluralize the verb if the objects are countable. One of the Academys examples:  En el patio  crecà ­an  un magnolio y una azalea. A magnolia and an azalea grew in the courtyard. Other examples of the Academys preference: A ella le encantan la casa y el parque. (She loves the house and the park.)Nos bastan el ratà ³n y el teclado. (The mouse and the keyboard were enough for us.)Me gustan ese camisa y ese bolso. (I like that shirt and that purse.) In real life, however, the singular verb (when it precedes two subjects) is used much more often than the Academy would suggest. In everyday speech, even when verbs such as gustar have two countable subjects, the singular verb is usually used. In the following examples, both sentences might be said by native speakers, but the first is more commonly heard even though the second one is grammatically preferable to the Academy: Me duele la cabeza y el està ³mago. Me duelen la cabeza y el està ³mago. (I have a headache and stomachache.)Me gusta mi cama y mi almohada. Me gustan mi cama y mi almohada. (I like my bed and my pillow.)A Raà ºl le gustaba el taco y el helado. A Raà ºl le gustaban el taco y el helado. (Raà ºl liked the taco and the ice cream.) As to the original example, if by hamburguesa the speaker means ground beef, both of the subjects would be uncountable and the Academy would prefer use of the singular verb, gusta. If the speaker referring to a type of sandwich, or a specific sandwich, which is countable, the Academy would prefer use the plural, gustan. In real life, however, youre likely to not get flak regardless of which version you use. Key Takeaways When gustar is preceded two or more singular subjects, native Spanish speakers frequently use the singular form of the verb.The Royal Spanish Academy approves use of the singular verb form when the subjects are abstract or uncountable.Other verbs such as doler and encantar can be used in the same way as gustar.

Shopping Online and Shipping to Canada

Shopping Online and Shipping to Canada If youre on the Canadian side of the border and shopping online on American sites, hidden costs may catch you by surprise. There are things you should check before you give out your credit card number. First, ensure that the shopping site offers international shipping or at least shipping to Canada. Theres little more irritating than going through an online store, filling your shopping cart, and then discovering that the vendor doesnt ship outside the United States. Shipping Charges to Canada Good sites will list their shipping policies and procedures upfront, usually in the customer service or help sections. Shipping charges are determined by weight, size, distance, speed, and number of items. Read the details carefully. Dont forget to factor in the exchange rate for the shipping charges as well as for the cost of the merchandise. Even if the exchange rate is in your favor, your credit card company will likely add a charge for currency conversion. The shipping charges and methods of shipment, usually mail or courier, arent the total cost youll have to pay to get that package across the border. Youll also have to pay Canadian customs duties, taxes, and customs brokerage fees. Canadian Customs Duties Because of the North American Free Trade Agreement, Canadians dont have to pay duties on most American and Mexican manufactured items. But just because you buy an item from a U.S. store doesnt mean it was made in the United States; its possible it was imported into the United States first. If so, you may be charged duty when it comes into Canada. So check before you buy and if possible get something in writing from the online store in case the Canada Customs people decide to be particular. Duties on goods vary widely, depending on the product and the country where it was manufactured. In general, on goods ordered from a foreign retailer, there is no assessment unless Canada Customs can collect at least $1 in duties and taxes. If you have questions about Canada customs and duties, contact the Border Information Service during business hours and speak to an officer. Canadian Taxes Just about everything individuals import into Canada is subject to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 5 percent. The GST is calculated after customs duties have been applied. Youll also have to pay the applicable Canadian Provincial Sales Tax (PST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST). The provincial retail sales tax rates vary between provinces, as do the goods and services to which the tax is applied and how the tax is applied. In Canadian provinces with a Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island), youll be charged the HST rather than the separate GST and provincial sales tax. Customs Brokers Fees Fees for customs brokers services can really surprise you. Courier companies and postal services use customs brokers to get packages processed through Canada Customs at the Canadian border. Fees for that service will be passed along to you. Canada Post is authorized to charge the recipient a handling fee of $5 for mail items and $8 for express mail items for collecting duties and taxes assessed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). If there is no duty or tax owed, they dont charge a fee. Customs brokers fees for courier companies vary but are usually much higher than the Canada Post fee. Some courier companies include the custom brokers fees in the courier service price, depending on the level of courier service you select. Others will add the customs brokers fees on top and youll have to pay those before you can get your parcel. If you select a courier service for shipping to Canada, check whether the level of service includes customs brokers fees. If it isnt mentioned on the online shopping site youre using, you can check the service guide on the individual courier company website or call the local number of the courier company to find out their policies on international shopping.

Sources of disease transmission Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sources of disease transmission - Assignment Example Furthermore, the presence of certain poisons in these transport systems, for example; the presence of aerosol contaminants is also a source of disease transmission and infection. Public transport surfaces are also sources of diseases as they tend to host different pathogens that may transmit different infections (Dawson, 2012). The public health authorities and services are the best possible sources of information on the spread and prevention of disease and infection among the public. It is their responsibility to ensure that the public is educated on some of the ways in which they are susceptible to diseases and infection, especially when using public transport. When individuals are aware of how diseases and infections are spread and their sources, it becomes easier to take precautions, especially when handling or dealing with the sources; directly or indirectly. The transport networks available can also provide useful information on how to approach different situations, especially when faced with potential threats to their health. These systems must work hand in hand to ensure that the general public is protected against any and all potential hazards, thus; improving society’s overall health status (Hawker, Begg & Blair,

Elements of Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of Design - Essay Example Welch was in charge of making sure the costume designer, hair and makeup stylists, director of special effects, and the location managers were able to perfectly blend their visions together for the sake of the complete vision. If one of the aforementioned elements were out of place, Welch would have been the one to step in and make sure that aspects were properly altered to keep the film true to the vision of the director. The art directors was a combination of talents by Pierre Buffin, Kasra Farahani, Luke Freeborn, Sean Haworth, A. Todd Holland, and Maya Shimoguchi. Their jobs involved assigning tasks to members of the Art Department, who would then follow through accordingly. The art directors also kept track of the art department budget and making sure that construction, special effects tasks, graphics, and the locations department were all on schedule. Anything that required keeping some from of artwork or another on track was tended to by the art directors. In the â€Å"I cast you out† scene from Thor, the way that the artists utilized lighting helps to express fear and uncertainty, as well as anger. In this scene, Thor is being casted out of Asgard by his father Odin. The shadows that are casted on Odin’s face by the dim, flickering light in the room evoke anger as he banishes his son. These same shadows appear on Thor’s face, though they convey fear about what is about to take place. As the action unravels, the overall feel of the film is gloomy, which is accomplished in large by the lighting. The story that the filmmaker is attempting to tell is that Odin is upset by his son’s disobedience, and Thor is nervous about the new life that awaits him. The setting of the film is in mythological Asgard, a place that is overrun by the gods and goddesses of Norse mythology. It is a mystical land with massive golden palaces of the

Business Law Essay Example for Free

Business Law Essay Consideration is an essential element of a valid contract. The four main ingredient of a contract is the offer, the acceptance, the consideration and the intention to create legal relation. Consideration refers to what one party to an agreement is giving or promising in exchange for what is being given or promised by the other contracting party. There are certain rules that govern a valid contract.The issue in the case is whether the agreement was legally binding upon Dream Design or whether it failed for want of consideration. If the promise merely fulfils an existing contractual duty to the promisor, he does not provide consideration to buy the buy promisor’s promise. The baskets were to be delivered by A and a rate was agreed upon between the party. After the first delivery A demanded more money from K before making any further deliveries to W. K unwillingly agreed to pay the extra money and A continued with the delivery. Later on K refused to pay the extra money to A and A sued K. It was held that A had not given consideration to K to buy K’s promise of extra money. A could not say that making the delivery was the consideration, as A was contractually bound to make these deliveries under the original contract. With the case of Dream Design the consideration will not be sufficient where a contractually duty already exist. The fact is that Parma Steel and Dream Design agreed on a written contract dated October 22, 2009 for the supply of fabricated steel at a cost of $165 per ton for â€Å"Grade60,000 and $156 per ton for â€Å"Hard Grade. † In this case Parma Steel could not say that making the deliveries was the consideration, as Parma Steel was already contractually bound to make these deliveries under t he original contract. According to Tucker J. there was no consideration for the new agreement. The plaintiff was already obliged to deliver the defendant goods at the rates agreed under the terms of the original agreement. The facts constituted economic duress but the court has to refuse to enforce the new agreement for the increase in the prices or the higher charges as it lacked any fresh consideration from the purchaser, Dream Design. The supplier, Parma Steel claim for the outstanding balance has to be dismissed.

The First Environmentalist Essay -- Buddhism Environmentalism

â€Å"We are the same as plants, as trees, as other people, as the rain that falls. We consist of that which is around us; we are the same as everything. If we destroy something around us, we destroy ourselves† (Buddha). This quote from Buddha depicts the essence of Buddhism and its intimate relationship with the environment. Buddhism new and old is intertwined with nature and the environment. Buddhism is intrinsically, at its core, environmentalism. Environmentalism shines through many aspects of Buddhism: the middle way, Samsara, Karma, iconography, and impermanence. These facets led to Buddhism containing an underlying theme of environmentalism. When the Buddha first began Buddhism he was concerned with how people live their lives. Before he was the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was a wealthy prince and often lived a lavish lifestyle, but as a drive to become more spiritual took hold he renounced his excessive existence. He became an ascetic who lived in the woods. This was in stark contrast to how he was living before. The ascetic life was one of little to no means, which the bodhisattva led for a long time until he almost died from one of his practices. Having lived both of these lives the bodhisattva was lead to establish the middle way. The middle way is a way to live your life in such a way you do not live in excess or deprivation because each of these lead to destruction of yourself or others. If everyone could live within the middle way many environmental detriments would not happen. The middle way would quell consumerism, waste generation, and energy usage to name a few. As a populace we would no longer need to buy ev erything we see or think we need. Much of the waste and power used to manufacture goods would be offset by pe... ... start treating our world with more care because you never know if the millions of homeless children are really the vanishing trees being reborn as unwanted children (Snyder 188). Works Cited Babbit, Ellen C. "XV THE OX WHO ENVIED THE PIG." Internet Sacred Text Archive Home. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. Bloom, Alfred. "Buddhism, Nature and the Environment." The Eastern Buddhist. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. Nath, Jemal. "‘God Is a Vegetarian’: The Food, Health and Bio-spirituality of Hare Krishna, Buddhist and Seventh-Day Adventist Devotees." Health Sociology Review 19.3 (2010): 356-68. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Dec. 2010. Prebish, Charles S., and Damien Keown. Introducing Buddhism. New York: Routledge, 2006. Print. Snyder, Gary. The Practice of the Wild: Essays. Washington, DC: Shoemaker & Hoard, 2004. Print.

Understanding The Process Of Laundry Detergency Environmental Sciences Essay

Detergency is a procedure where dirts are removed from substrate stuffs. It ever is reviewed and researched because of its commercial importance. Washing and cleansing is a complicated procedure because it involves interactions of much physical and chemical influence. In general, rinsing procedure contains remotion by aqueous surfactant solution of ill solute thing and disintegration of drosss from fabric surfaces [ 1 ] . 2. Preliminaries Before discoursing how detergents work in rinsing procedure, we have to cognize how dirts adhere to cloths and the different types of dirts. In the present, the substrate is a fabric normally, fabricated by knitting, weaving or blending together a batch of fibres which have spun into narrations before incorporation into the fabric. Soil is something present in the matrix of the fabric but differs from the fabric fibres both in composing and form, while characteristically is of a comparable size. Dirt may be liquid or solid. If it is liquid, it must be non-volatile and non-aqueous. The liquid dirt here is termed oily dirt to separate from the solid particulate dirt. These two types of dirts may happen together: an external atom is more possible to adhere to fabrics when the latter already has liquid dirt. There are two chief differences between liquid dirt and solid dirt: form and rheological belongingss. The greasy dirt alterations shape by and large while the particulate dirt holds its initial form all the clip [ 2 ] . No affair liquid or solid, both sorts of dirt adhere to the fabric because of a effect of Van Der Waals and interrelated interactions between the dirt and the substrate. 3. Washing Procedure 3.1 Structures The most important ingredients in detergents are chemicals called wetting agents. The word aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"surfactantaa‚ ¬A? comes from aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"surface active agentsaa‚ ¬A? and as defined, the wetting agents are chemical signifiers which tendency to concentrate or better to adsorb at interfaces, or to organize colloidal sums in solution at really low molar concentrations. As shown in Figure 1, it is obvious to bespeak the basic demand of wetting agents is combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in molecules, i.e. amphiphilic molecules. When the wetting agents dissolved in H2O, they will prefer to hold an orientation that can minimise inauspicious interactions between hydrophobic molecular subdivisions and aqueous stage ( Figure 2 ) . Figure 1 Structure of Wetting agents Beginning: pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B1319/B1319.html Figure 2 Wetting agents dissolved in H2O Beginning: slides of talks Therefore, there are several signifiers when wetting agents are in solutions ( Figure 3 ) . Figure 3 Different signifiers of wetting agents 3.2 Mechanism As the cardinal construction of wetting agents mentioned, the lavation procedure is easy to explicate. To do H2O wash better, surface tenseness has to be reduced so H2O can wet things more uniformly. That is exactly what a wetting agent does. The wetting agents in detergents improve H2O ‘s capableness to wet things, spread over surfaces, and ooze into soiled apparels fibres. Wetting agents do another of import occupation excessively. In the solution incorporating the wetting agents whose molecules adsorb on the surface of dirt and fabrics at the same time, the hydrophobic portion of their molecule is attracted to H2O, while the other portion is adhering to dirt and grease. Neither detergents nor soap accomplish anything except adhering to the dirt until some mechanical energy or agitation is added into the equation [ 3 ] . So the wetting agent molecules help H2O to acquire a clasp of lubricating oil, interrupt it up, and wash it off ( Figure 4 ) . Figure 4 Illustration of the particulate dirt remotion If the dirt is oily, it will scatter in solution as emulsion, while it is particulate, it disperses as suspension. 4 Components Used for wash, the detergents ever contain wetting agents, builders, enzymes, decoloring agents, and other minor additives such as optical brighteners, fabric softeners, and scattering agents [ 4 ] . Among them, wetting agents and builders are the two most of import ingredients. 4.1 Wetting agents As an abbreviation for surface active agent, wetting agents remain the most of import constituents for the development of cloth attention and place attention merchandises [ 5 ] , consisting from 15 % to 40 % of the entire detergent preparation [ 6 ] . Wetting agents used in detersive preparations can be classified into four groups harmonizing to the hydrophilic group: non-ionic detergents, nonionics, cationics, and zwitterionics. In the usage of detergent composings, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulphates alcohol ethoxylates, kats, and betaine are popular, and biodegradable wetting agents such as APG and MES will be a development tendency in the detergent composings [ 4 ] . Nowadays, mixed active preparations are popular worldwide because they offer the advantage of good public presentation over a wider scope of wash conditions and let makers flexibleness with regard to surfactant supply and demand [ 7 ] . Besides at the same clip the commixture helps to stay mile to the tegument of custodies. 4.2 Builders A possible builder should fulfill a big figure of demands including sequestering ability, alkalinity, buffer capacity, bleach compatibility, dirt deflocculation, unwritten toxicity, skin soaking up, oculus annoyance, effects on fish and other aquatic animate beings, and other environmental and economic practicableness [ 8 ] . We use builders to take Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in difficult H2O and in dirts, for ever wetting agents can non work efficaciously in H2O particularly in difficult H2O. And the great sum of wetting agents in the detergent preparations increases the figure of troubles and the costs of sewerage disposal. Figure 5 Structures of polydimethyl siloxanes and their derived functions [ 4 ] We have ionic, organic and polymer builders [ 4 ] . In the Attic, Sodium tripolyphosphate ( STPP ) was the most used in the yesteryear. However, for phosphates can easy do a batch of environmental jobs that later, we use organic builders such as EDTA, NTA, ODA, IDA, and so on as a replacement for STPP. But still question their clean efficaciousnesss, inauspicious ecological or toxicological influences, and the cost. Besides, we use borates and zeolites as ionic builders, and now multifunctional builder is demanded, such as superimposed crystalline silicate ( Na2Si2O5 ) which combines a high public presentation per unit mass with a high grade of multi-functionality [ 9 ] . Polymeric builders have good builder capacity but most of them are non of course biodegradable. So now a bio-based polyester co-builder, which is found to be non-toxic to aquatic life is invented [ 10 ] . 4.3 Enzymes Encapsulated enzymes have been used worldwide for 40 old ages in detergent merchandises, particularly laundry preparations, and for biodegradability and functionality at low temperatures, its importance additions [ 11 ] . Enzymes can assist to better detergence, such as peptidase, amylase, cellulase, and lipase. Alkaliphilic Bacillus strains are frequently good beginnings of alkaline extracellular enzymes to be used in detergents [ 12 ] . Before people think enzymes in detergents ever cause allergy, but now this has been changed and substituted by the recommendation of carefully use by the practician. 4.4 Bleachs We use bleaches to destruct unwanted discolorations on the cloth, and besides dyestuff in solution which causes hemorrhage. Laundry detergents typically contain percarbonate or perborate salts as bleach systems [ 13 ] . The bleach activity ever requires a suited temperature. For the energy economy and other restricts, scientists focus on new accelerators to make the same clean efficaciousness at a comparatively low temperature. However, at the same clip of decoloring discolorations, bleaches besides increase melting degree of the fabric [ 14 ] . As used in day-to-day lavation, we besides have to see the built-in toxicity and toxic by-products of decoloring additives. 4.5 Other Additives Some laundry detergents contain â€Å" optical brighteners † . These are fluorescent dyes that glow blue-white in UV visible radiation which can do yellowed cloths appear white [ 15 ] . Fabric softeners are to cut down the clash between fibres, and between fibres and the tegument. They are frequently a cationic wetting agent, which is attracted to the negatively charged substrates like proteins and many man-made cloths. Scattering capacity is a step of how a liquid stage influences a solid stage [ 16 ] . From some respects it decides the cleansing capableness. We add some scattering agents into the detergents to better the decreasing of the surface tenseness so increase the efficaciousness of detergents. 5. Development Scientists are concentrating on detergents for wash which are biodegradable, effectual, and low toxic to clamber. Biosurfactants are possible the replacements for chemical wetting agents. Compared with chemical wetting agents, they are better in biodegradability and effectivity at utmost temperature or pH and in holding lower toxicity [ 17 ] . However, it is difficult to happen a balance between the hydrolytic and the biodegradability, non merely for the wetting agents, but besides for the enzymes and other additives in the detergents [ 18 ] . Now many biosurfactants are tested for utilizing in laundry preparations, as what Mukherjee AK [ 19 ] and Srokova I [ 20 ] have done. To salvage energy and H2O, there is a tendency of concentrated detergent, and besides it is environment friendly [ 21 ] . And different new sorts of additives are added as softeners, odor-removers, antibacterial constituents, and others which can give detergents multifunction.

Cypriot Banking Crysis Scr

CY ————————————————- [ ] ————————————————- CSR essay Kozhevnikova E. , Sadokhina A. , Yatisyshina P. [ ? . . ] The problem2 Time-line2 Reasons of crisis in Cypriot banking sector:4 Moral Dilemmas4 The problem The current crisis of banking system in Cyprus had raised difficult moral dilemmas for Cypriot government, members of Euro Union and other affiliated governments.Cypriot banks became unable to secure the deposits due to several reasons: the Greek crisis, crisis in real estate sector. It provided relatively high income on deposits, which is always associated with risky investments. The macroeconomic situation in the world only worsened the situation. To sum up, the some of the banks simply lost the money of the depositors. In this case, the problem o f allocation of losses appeared. Who should bear the losses for the mistakes made by Cypriot banks, which were aggravated by the multiple unfavorable circumstances?The depositors who brought their money to banks? All of them? Prosperous European countries? We should remember, that the ones who are in charge of this situation simply can’t cover that costs (banks have no liquid assets cover the losses). In this paper we discuss the impacts of different possible solutions of this problem from the point of ethics theories. We start we describing the background of the problem including time-line of facts, the reasons for crisis of Banking System, than we move on to reviewing different options of how to save Cypriot economy using theories of ethics.Time-line * 14-15 March – EU-summit as a result of which was reaching the deal between Cyprus Euro Zone and IMF (International Monetary Fund) for a 10 billion Euro bailout on condition that Cyprus imposes a one-off levy of 6,75% t o insured deposits (under 100 000 Euro) and 9,9% to uninsured deposits (over 100 000 Euro). So that Cyprus will provide 5,8 billion Euros to secure the 10-billion bailout. * March 16 – first day of Cyprus Bank closure after the government announced Bank holidays. The idea of imposing a tax on ordinary depositors resulted in mass protest-demonstration of Cypriots, citizens also protested against Germany dictating such hush conditions. It had also caused anxiety in other countries – for setting such an extraordinary and threatening precedent. * March 19 – the Cyprus Parliament rejects a 10 billion Euro bailout package (lawmakers voted 36 against 19 abstaining) arguing that it is unacceptable to take money from regular account holders.The chairmen of the Cyprus Investor Association said Parliaments’ rejection of the deal  «will buy us some time to see if we can come up with a better agreement » * The President of Cyprus Nicos Anastasiades proposed to mak e an exception for deposits with less that 20 000 Euros to calm the public, but that didn’t work out either * The failed vote intensified the relationship between Cypriot government and EU. Cypriots accused EU for pressing them to accept an unacceptable deal that heats ordinary savers and pensioners.In return, German officials and IMF stated that they didn’t force Cypriot government to impose the deposit on depositors but that one way or another the country must come up with the rest 5,8 billion Euros to secure the bailout. * The next step included testing to which extent Russia would be willing to assist Cyprus in this difficult situation. Investments of Russian depositors accounted for about 20 billion Euros in Cypriot banks, so Russia is for sure an affiliated party.Russian officials reacted furiously to the proposed tax deposit bank * March 22 – Cyprus adopted legislation that allows the government to split the Cypriot lenders into good banks and bad banks a nd creates resolution framework to wind down banks. * March 24 – a new bailout deal between Eurozone and Cyprus. Cyprus will get a 10 billion Euro bailout on condition that Laiki (Popular) Bank, the second largest bank in Cyprus will be wound down.The deposits under 100 000 Euros will be fully compensated by the government, the depositors with more than 100 000 Euros on their accounts will face extremely huge losses. In this case Cyprus successfully avoided being excluded from EU, which occurred to be highly probable. What is more, this solution pensioners and clients with small deposits (which mean with low income level) won’t be affected, so the anger of the public will be reduced. Finally, two biggest Banks will be restructured: Laiki Bank will be wind down, Bank of Cyprus will capitalize at the expense of it’s clients; insured deposits of Laiki Bank will be transferred to Bank of Cyprus, owners of uninsured deposits of Laiki Bank will lose up to 80% of their deposits; 37,5% of uninsured deposits of Bank of Cyprus are transferred into stocks of Bank of Cyprus which actually cost nothing, 22,5% will be frozen so clients have no right to use that sums of money.In this case the costs of bank mistakes lay down on clients with deposits over 100 000 Euros. By the way, most of such clients are Russian (Russian investments in Cypriot bank sector are estimated 26 bn Euro, they exceed Cypriot GDP which is around 18 bn Euro). Russians were happy to use Cyprus as an offshore – due to double taxation agreement. This was a place where nobody asked where that money came from. At the same time EU and Cyprus were happy to transfer the costs to Russian depositors by expropriating their depsits.Is it ethical? Not the easiest question to answer One more concerning fact: . ? 1 15 ( ) ? . , ? . , . ? ? . - - ? . - Reasons of crisis in Cypriot banking sector:The Greek financial crisis had put in danger the stabil ity of all Eurozone. But the greatest impact was imposed on Cyprus due to their strong economic and financial bonds. Cyprus's banking sector was affected the most. It became quite clear that banking system of Cyprus is in danger a couple of years ago. Stavrakis   -the Finance Minister of Cyprus said:  «We are a small country and most importantly, we have a banking system which has invested heavily in Greek bonds ». Nevertheless, the minister assured that Cypriot anking system was safe and sound, that it had a strong capital base and that there was a huge inflow of foreign deposits which helped to stabilize the situation. Anyway, the prime reason of crisis in Cypriot banking sector is cancellation of Greek bonds. It was not a secret that Cypriot banks invested heavily in long-term Greek bonds, so when a default in Greece was announced and it was stated that Greece is not going to fulfill its bonds obligations, and, as a result, the trust in Cypriot banks declined. As the trust in banks decline, depositors tend to take back their money.But this is a trap: something happens in the banking industry, depositors leave, at the same time a lot of bank assets are frozen in long-term obligations. Theoretically, the bank has or practically has enough assets to return everything to clients, but these assets are not liquid, so at the moment when clients start to panic and claim for their money, the bank is under threat of running out of liquid assets to pay to clients. This can happen to any bank, even the most reliable one. The moment panic begins – the bank is under great threat.This is why laws that don’t allow taking back deposits at any moment may be quite reasonable. Here is a breath summary of reason of Cypriot banking sector crisis: * Huge investments of Cypriot banking sector in Greek default economy =; sufficient losses and asset write-downs of Cypriot banks * A strong offshore orientation of Cypriot economy: total sum of deposits heavily exce ed GDP * As a result the government (does it have to? ) is not able to compensate the losses of depositors * Unfavorable macroeconomic situation in EU and world The fact that Cypriot banks haven’t revalued their assets for a long time, so the assets were overestimated * And many other reasons that we will understand 20 years after Moral Dilemmas Here is a list of moral dilemmas occur in such a complicated situation: 1) Who should bear the risk of bank bankruptcy? Government/all customers/the richest customers/other countries’ governments/†¦ 2) Can expropriation be ethical? 3) 4) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424127887323605404578384331402208120. html [ 2 ]. http://www. nytimes. om/2013/03/20/business/global/cyprus-rejects-tax-on-bank-deposits. html? _r=0 [ 3 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-europe-21916102 [ 4 ]. http://lent a. ru/news/2013/03/25/threat/ [ 5 ]. http://somo. nl/dossiers-en/sectors/financial/eu-financial-reforms/newsletter-items/issue-17-march-2013/innovative-approach-in-cyprus-bailout [ 6 ]. http://www. cyprusnewsreport. com/? q=node/4239 [ 7 ]. http://www. mondaq. com/x/231362/Financial+Services/The+Latest+Developments+In+The+Cyprus+Banking+Sector [ 8 ]. http://www. reuters. com/article/2013/03/22/us-column-cyprus-investing-saft-idUSBRE92L0UV20130322

Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth essays

Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth essays An ambitious ascent from a poor Illinois farm boy to occupying the highest political office during one of Americas most turbulent times makes for the literature of hero worship. In the essay entitled Abraham Lincoln the self-made myth Rich Hofstadter challenges the reader to penetrate beneath the surface of the American political tradions and investigate the event and actions that contributed to the Lincoln Myth. To begin with Hofstadter states that one of Lincolns most endearing qualisties to Americans was his humble origins and the fact that, Lincoln was a preeminent example of that self-help which Americans have always so admired, (121). But he further goes on to state that Lincoln used this to his advantage. First in his campaign speeches always eluding to himself as humble Abraham Lincoln and in the way he addressed his own wife in public as mother (122). He received distinguished guests in shirtsleeves, and once during his presidency hailed a soldier out of the ranks with the cry, Bub! Bub! The concept of the self-made, simple man played well with the American public thus became fully absorbed into his political being, (124). Historical novels and fictionalized biographies about Lincoln would be amiss of the greater portion of its contents were not dedicated to the slavery issue. Many only give, a tiresome celebration of the America past with a progressive interpretation of American history of her-worship and national self-congratulation, (Forward 2). In Hostadters essay he discusses the slavery issue not with a sentimental approach but with critical analysis. Lincoln was a Southerner by birth. He grew up in communities in Illinois where slavery was rare. Laws against runaway slaves were in force when Lincoln served in the state legislature. It was here that Lincoln made his first public statement on slavery by voting against a proslavery ...

20 Words Meaning Being or Existing in the Past

20 Words Meaning Being or Existing in the Past 20 Words Meaning Being or Existing in the Past 20 Words Meaning Being or Existing in the Past By Mark Nichol This list features former and eighteen other adjectives (and a prefix) that can be used to refer to a position no longer held or a state no longer active, exclusive of the synonyms for original. 1. antecedent: Though this word is usually seen in noun form, it can also be an adjective, as in â€Å"She wants to answer the antecedent question.† 2. earlier: This comparative of early, like most words on this list, can function as an adjective as well as an adverb; in the former usage, one can say, for example, â€Å"The earlier iteration had many flaws.† 3. erstwhile: This somewhat stuffy, self-conscious synonym for former was originally an adverb, as in â€Å"The two were erstwhile adversarial† but has been in use as an adjective since the early 1900s. The first syllable from this word from Old English is from the superlative for ere (â€Å"before†). 4. ex-: This prefix is attached, nearly always with a hyphen, to a noun to signify that a status is no longer current, as in â€Å"All four living ex-presidents attended the event.† (The exception is when an en dash is used in place of the hyphen to signal that what follows the prefix is an open compound, as in â€Å"All four living ex–vice presidents attended the event.† It might be better, however, just to use former or another alternative.) The prefix, which originally meant â€Å"from† or â€Å"out of† but now has several senses, is also sometimes used as a stand-alone word, especially in reference to a former significant other, as in â€Å"Oh, I saw your ex the other day.† 5. former: This is the default word to describe the sense of something no longer being what it was; it can also be used as the antonym of latter to refer to the first of two things. 6. late: When used on its own to modify a person’s name (â€Å"the late John Smith†), it means that the person is deceased. â€Å"Late of,† however, is an outdated way of saying that someone is no longer associated with something, as in â€Å"Mary Jones, late of Centerville† (meaning that she recently lived there). 7. onetime: This synonym of former (â€Å"Mary Jones is a onetime resident of Centerville†) may also mean â€Å"done or happening one time only†). The word is sometimes hyphenated when the latter meaning is intended. 8. old: Old distinguishes something from something else from an earlier time that was replaced, as in â€Å"I think that the old design looks better.† 9. original: This word can be used in place of former or a synonym to refer to an initial state, as in â€Å"The original plans called for a large entrance.† 10. other: This word occasionally substitutes for former, as in â€Å"In other times, we might not have given it a second thought†; a similar usage is, for example, â€Å"the other day,† referring to a recent day. 11. past: This word is used narrowly in the sense of someone who no longer holds a position, as in â€Å"past president.† 12. precedent: Like the similar word antecedent, this term is usually used as a noun but can function as an adjective, as in â€Å"A precedent event in her life turned out to be a character-defining one.† 13. preceding: Preceding has the same sense as precedent and is used more commonly. 14. preexisting: This word means â€Å"existing in an earlier time.† (Note that the prefix pre- is not attached to the root word with a hyphen.) 15. previous: Previous can mean â€Å"existing before in general† or â€Å"existing immediately before,† depending on whether one writes, for example, â€Å"a previous administration† or â€Å"the previous administration.† 16. prior: This word is identical in meaning to previous, though it is less likely than that word to be used to refer to mean â€Å"immediately previous†; it also has the sense, rarely employed, of â€Å"being more important because it came first.† 17. quondam: This direct borrowing from Latin was originally an adverb and a noun, but those usages are obsolete, and adjectival use is rare and often considered overly formal. 18. sometime: Sometime began as an adverb. Later, it acquired the sense of â€Å"at some future time,† as in â€Å"I’ll see you again sometime,† and finally developed an adjectival sense. 19. then: The adverbial use of this word (â€Å"I’ll go, then†) and its function as a conjunction (â€Å"First, I waved, and then I called out to her†) were followed by the development as an adjective meaning â€Å"being at that time†; it should be used in place of former or most other synonyms to indicate that the state existed during the time being discussed, as in â€Å"In 1968, then California governor Ronald Reagan considered running for president.† (Note that then is not hyphenated to the following word.) 20. whilom: This synonym for former (and formerly) is archaic and rarely used anymore. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

Consequential Contribution of Founding Fathers to America Essay

Consequential Contribution of Founding Fathers to America - Essay Example They laid the foundations of a capitalist America, based on the belief that the eventual economic well being of any nation was a direct function of the opportunities it extended to its citizens to channelize their energies and talents in a free market. Enlightened individualism, which is the hallmark of the American way of life, has its origins in the thought and vision of our founding fathers. It was by the dint of the validity and sanctity of their values that America was able to win a war of independence against a nation that was far superior to it in terms of military might and economic affluence. They envisioned a nation with a system of governance that relied on the fundamental principles of natural rights, free from any form of monarchial or ecclesiastical interference. Founding father undeniably made a marked contribution to the American way of life that will continue to guide and motivate this great nation in the times to come. George Washington was a leader far ahead of his times. It is easy for people today to visualize America as a free and sovereign nation. However, in the times of Washington, America was just a bunch of rebellious colonies, which were loosely held together, courtesy their shared aversion to the British rule.1 The astuteness of Washington was manifested in his will to hold on to a vision of a united America, irrespective of the ground realities of those times, which totally discouraged the perception of America as a great nation. The vibrant and self-sufficient America that we see today was once a mere vision in the heart and mind of Washington and other founding fathers.2 It was only by the dint and confidence of Washington and his revolutionary propensities that a nation was born irrespective of the mighty resistance posed by the great military and political powers of those times. George Washington was a prominent personality that defined the American nation, not only because he was the first president of America, but also because he happened to be the supreme commander of the American forces fighting for independence and the chairman of the convention that drafted the constitution of the United States of America. The wisdom of Washington lied not only in his ability to hold together the 13 rebellious colonies with diverse interests and priorities, but also in his shrewdness in channelizing the rebelliousness governing the American resistance into a well knit, consolidated and unanimous verdict in favor of the foundation of an independent America.3The task before Washington was utterly complex in the sense that he was not only required to be a military commander, but also a seasoned and sharp political leader who could extend guidance and direction to a zealous but nascent movement, which could have easily degenerated into an insignificant and directionless m utiny, as was desired by the imperial forces.

What use is the Westminster model of British Government Essay

What use is the Westminster model of British Government - Essay Example A number of alternative models suggest that the future relations modelled is shared a path with Norway. Previously Norway was a non EU member like many states. On the contrary, the â€Å"Norwegian model† has been faced by increased interest from those in Britain wishing to a separate partnership with Brussels whereas at the same time insisting on benefitting from inner markets (Mcannulla, 2006, pg.17). Last autumn, British parliamentarian’s visited Norway to learn on Norwegian EU experience. Issues arose on whether Norwegian style was the viable political option for Britain. Initially, British influenced Norway’s integration in the EU. Both Macmillan and Wilson governments opted for British membership for common markets in the 1960s, and expected Norway’s also to follow suit. Furthermore, as a result of the popular rejection in Norway’s 1972 referendum, the two countries parted ways (Baker & Seawright, 1998, 14). In 2013, Britain and Norway have exceeded forty years on opposite sides on regard to EU membership. In Britain, request for deeper relation with European integration are met with contentions. Domestic debate concerning the current EU relations have shown capacity to initiate tension within and between parties and prone to destruction of any governing coalition. Hindrance exists on partnership between Norway and Britain on EU context (Hay, 2007, pg.10). Arguments for and against devolution was a major issue during the 1997 election campaign devolved power has been an issue with British politics. John Prescott claims that he wants to devolve more power to the geographical area within England. Scotland and Northern Ireland possess their own different cultures not similar with United Kingdom (Beloff, 1996, pg.13). Therefore, to expect residents of these regions to concur with laws, decisions and rules made in London are seen as wrong and irrational. Power should be dispersed from London to other regions. Government in